The Truth About Screwing Up Relationships
Here’s the real truth about human relationships: the majority of us have been taught to fail in our relationships, no matter how much we want them to succeed. To top it off, much of what we’ve learned about relationships, from TV, movies, books or talking with friends and family – is just not true!
The Myth of Happily Ever After
The idea that two people meet, fall in love, and live happily ever after is one of the biggest myths ever believed. The reality is two people meet, fall in love, move in together, and then do just about everything they can to weaken and destroy their love for each other. We think that if we are really in love, everything will work in the end.
Understanding the Role of Communication in Relationships
The sad fact is: you have a better chance of surviving cancer than making a relationship last “until death do you part”. Unfortunately, this is caused by the fact that we are not taught the communication skills we need to make our relationships last. Many of us had poor examples of how adults behave in a relationship, so we have been programmed to act and react in the same ways.
Insights from Dr. John Gottman’s Studies
Dr John Gottman, a PhD psychologist and mathematician, has spent over thirty years studying marriages – marriages that have endured and marriages that have ultimately ended in divorce. He studied marriages with the goal of discovering the reasons why some relationships last and why others fail.
Predicting Relationship Success and Failure
He can predict which couples will eventually divorce and which will stay together based on the ways couples interact, after watching a couple for only five minutes, with 94% accuracy.
He can make these predictions so precisely because he has discovered which behaviours will lead to a breakup of the marriage. He has pinpointed the signs that a couple will most likely suffer a future break-up and what traits keep them together.
There are certain signs and attitudes which Dr Gottman looks for to predict relationship breakdowns. They include harsh start-ups, criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling and failed repair attempts. When these traits are present in a relationship, especially more than one, then there’s a very high probability that the relationship will not endure.
Signs of a Failing Relationship
A Harsh Startup:
The first sign that predicts divorce may be on its way, is how the conversation begins since 96% of the time the way a discussion starts out can predict how it ends. When one begins a discussion with a harsh start, such as acting accusatory, negative or contemptuous, the conversation is essentially destined to fail. Alternatively, when one begins a conversation using a relaxed start, the discussion will mainly end on the same positive note.
Criticism:
Criticism is the act of finding fault or judging harshly. Dr Gottman distinguishes between criticism and complaints because one partner will always have some complaints about the other. Complaining about your partner is normal. However, the way you go about voicing these complaints is significant. When you criticise your partner, you attack your partner’s personality or character, usually conveying that you are right and they are wrong.
Trying to make them fit your idealised notion of the perfect partner – is not acknowledging the fact that you may not be the perfect mate yourself. Criticism includes sweeping statements such as “you always…”, “you never…” and “you’re the type who …”. Try using “I feel ______, when you ______.” With these words, people don’t feel as attacked and why would how you feel be wrong? Criticism is very common in relationships, and when used often, can lead to another attitude to look out for: contempt.
Contempt:
Contempt is a feeling of disdain or scorn. Classic contemptuous comments made by partners include insults, name-calling, hostile sarcasm or ridicule, as well as aggressive body language and tone of voice: sneering, rolling your eyes, making faces. Contempt is the worst of the culprits because it conveys disgust to the person it’s aimed at. This may cause conflict to increase and escalate. It’s difficult to resolve a problem when the message being sent is that one person is disgusted with the other.
The person may not even be aware that they are expressing contempt; they might have grown up with a parent that acted this way. When we become upset, we tend to slip into subconscious patterns from childhood that may be contradictory to our ideal behaviour. Usually, when one partner expresses contempt, the other partner becomes defensive, which is another sign to look out for.
Defensiveness:
Defensiveness occurs when you see yourself as the victim and attempt to ward off a perceived attack. When partners are defensive, they are not open to learning and are also not able to access the vulnerable feelings underneath. Becoming defensive is a very common response many people have when they feel criticised and are trying to protect themselves, but the trouble is that it never helps solve the issue at hand. Defensiveness is a way of not taking responsibility and counter attacking.
As a result, the problem is not resolved and the argument escalates instead of calming down. Some classic defensive responses are:
- Cross-complaining: responding to your partner’s complaint, or criticism with a grievance of your own.
- Disagreeing and then cross-complaining “That’s not right, you’re the one who …”
- Making excuses such as “It’s not my fault…”, “I didn’t know…”
- Repeating yourself without any consideration of what the other person is saying.
- Yes-butting: start off agreeing but finish up disagreeing.
The growing conflict usually causes one partner to tune out the other, and is the sign that stonewalling has arrived. Usually, when criticism, contempt and defensiveness are used in an argument, following a harsh startup, one person will tune the other out.
Stonewalling is a way to avoid the feeling of being overwhelmed that usually results when a conflict increases. The stonewaller tends to ignore their partner, shutting down and not show signs of receptiveness, which makes their mate even angrier. Each of these signs can predict a breakup by themselves, but normally they are found together in an unhappy relationship.
Flooding is another sign that a relationship is in trouble. “Flooding means that your spouse’s negativity – whether in the guise of criticism or contempt or even defensiveness – is so overwhelming and so sudden, that it leaves you shell-shocked” – Dr John Gottman
Physiological changes in the body, for example, an increase in blood pressure, the secretion of adrenalin, and an increased heart rate corresponds to flooding. These physiological shifts in the body make it impossible to sustain a calm conversation. Your capability to process information is weakened, which means it’s harder to concentrate on what the other person is saying.
Your problem-solving skills disappear and what you’re left with is your most knee jerk, reactive responses: to fight (to behave in a critical, contemptuous, or defensive manner) or flight (to stonewall).
A discussion when one or both people become flooded is destined to fail.
As a result, the issue at that time was very hard to resolve. Many people defend themselves from feeling flooded by disengaging or stonewalling. This emotional disengagement can protect one from these intense feelings of negativity, but at the same time, it can also lead to relationships breaking up.
Taking time out to cool off is very important once things get heated.
Another sign that a relationship is heading for a break up is when one partner’s attempts at repairing the conflict is ignored. Repair attempts are when someone tries to rectify the dispute. The happy couple’s secret weapon is “repair attempts”. This can be any method of stopping the negative feelings from escalating.
A repair attempt can be as basic as a smile, trying to make the other laugh or an apology; something that helps relieve the tension. Although, if one person is feeling flooded, using repair attempts will be futile. The flooded person shuts down from the other, causing repair attempts to be unsuccessful. So, if any of these interactions are present in your relationship, what can you do?
The Magic Ratios in Relationships
The magic ratios are the numerical ratios that Gottman found were predictors of divorce and also of stated happiness in couples’ relationships.
The Happy Couples ratio = 5 : 1 Couples with this positive vs negative ratio describe themselves as happy and very satisfied with their relationships. Happy couples typically have a 20 to 1 positive to negative ratio. This same ratio is seen in honeymooning couples.
The Divorce Ratio = 0.8 : 1 A ratio of 0.8 positive interactions for every 1 negative in a relationship during a discussion is found to be a predictor of divorce within an average of 5.6 years. This was the case for 50% of the couples in Gottman’s research.
They are staying together miserable ratio = 1.2 : 1 Couples with a ratio of 1.2 positives for every 1 negative interaction usually stayed together but described feeling extremely unhappy in the relationship.
Keeping Your Relationship Strong: Dr. Gottman’s Suggestions
Tools for Improving Relationships
A soft startup. Using a calm and kind tone of voice and words will always help keep a conflict or issue from escalating and make your partner more likely to see your point of view.
Edit yourself. Couples who avoid saying every critical thought when discussing touchy topics are consistently the happiest.
Have high standards. Happy couples have high standards for each other even as newlyweds. The most successful couples are those who, even as newlyweds, refused to accept hurtful behaviour from one another. The lower the level of tolerance for bad behaviour in the beginning of a relationship, the happier the couple is down the road.
Learn to repair and exit the argument. Successful couples know how to exit an argument. Happy couples know how to repair the situation before an argument gets completely out of control. Successful repair attempts include: changing the topic to something completely unrelated; using humour; stroking your partner with a caring remark (“I understand that this is hard for you”); making it clear you’re on common ground (“This is our problem”); backing down (in marriage, as in the martial art Aikido, you have to yield to win).
In general, offering signs of appreciation for your partner and his or her feelings along the way (“I really appreciate and want to thank you for.…”). If an argument gets too heated, take a20-minute break, and agree to approach the topic again when you are both calm.
Focus on the bright side. In a happy marriage, while discussing problems, couples make at least five times as many positive statements to and about each other and their relationship as negative ones.
Source: http://www.gottman.com/marriage/self_help/
Many of us believe that the fault lies with our partner; if only they would change their behaviour, everything would be fine. The truth is, you can’t change anyone besides yourself.If you change, the people you interact with change as well.
Staying calm during conflict is one of the most powerful ways to keep a discussion from spiralling out of control. I know, I know, easier said than done. There are many different techniques that can help you access that place of calm and not get sucked into the same destructive patterns.
Relationship Therapy, Hypnotherapy, Couples Counselling, Meditation, Eye Patch Therapy,Deep Breathing, Visualisation are just a few tools that can help shift our thoughts and behaviours towards how we’d like to be.
Resources:
What Makes Love Last?: How to Build Trust and Avoid Betrayal by Dr John Gottman